gd and ge: Notations for Verb

gd : The basis line connects the middle high left edge of the frame, the central three fourth
high position and the middle high right edge, symbolizing the energy to be going to stand up by itself.
(自身で立とうとしている象徴として、真ん中で持ち上がる折れ線の記号)

hand sign:
Open the extended thumb, index and middle fingers; the back of hand faces to the reader.
(手の甲側を相手のほうに向けて、親指・人差し指・中指を伸ばして開く。)

name: yo sound of yolk without [u] in the vowel ( ヨ )

ASCII: E (as the partner basis of e )

definition (grammar): d-verb symbol

This grammatical notation is for forming a d-verb:
meaning that the subject becomes in the condition shown by the following character/phrase;
or the subject does the following action.
The detail is here.
(主語が､この後続語の状態になるという意味で動詞を構成する動詞符)

ge : Opposite shape of #gd, symbolizing some pushing force.
(押す力を象徴して、D動詞とは逆に真ん中が下に押された折れ線)

hand sign:
Open and extend the thumb, index and middle fingers; the palm side faces to the reader.
(D動詞と同形だが、手のひら側を相手に向ける)

name: e of echo ( エ )

ASCII: e (the same phonetic function)

phonetic: a vowel [e] (the simplified picture of the mouth when pronouncing [e])

definition (grammar): e-verb symbol
This is for forming an e-verb: meaning that the subject lets the -headed person/thing
into the condition shown by the following characters. The detail is here.
(につづく人やものを、主語がの後続語の状態にさせるという意味で動詞を構成する動詞符)

{gd,47(accepted)}: change a d-verb (eg: see, read, kick..) into a passive form.
The subject gets some action by the person or the thing(s) which is after
the preposition {gc,46 work} (by). The container shaped basis #47 symbolizing a given situation.

. : He sees me. ( the eyes are his( the subject's) )
. or . : I'm seen by him.
(The subject is the object of the verb action and the eyes are his.)

{ge,47(accepted)}: changing some e-verb (e.g. 'use, make, let someone/some thing) do ...) into a passive voice.

: He uses me.
. : I am used by him.

Like these examples, a character works the same way to change both d and e verbs
in the compounded situation, so I'll explain mainly using d-verb.
Try to combine the same basis or C-c with #ge also.

{gd,54} : be { am, are, is }( #54 : existence)

. or . : He is there.
. : He is our chief.
. : His home is there.

{gd,53}: be + ..ing or be + adjective (joining the meaning of #53 (situation),
the verb explains about the present situation shown by the following character or phrase.)

. : It is round.
compare to . : It is a circle.
. : It is turning around {33,41}.
. : He is turning it.

{gd,35( long continuous)}: The verb represents that the following situation
have continued (for a long time which #35 means).
{gd,53} is also explain a continuous situation, but #35 emphasizes longer.

. : The earth{01,33,34} is turning around of the sun{33,44}.
. : She has made me wait{36,54} for two hours {32,36,70}.
(Two hours is not that long but for 'me' in this case, it might almost like an eternity )

{gd,19(pointing the original direction)}: #19 changes a verb into the past tense.
When the verb symbol is complex and a tense notation needs to be separated,
the C-c {19,36(time)}(means the past ) comes at the left next of the verb symbol.
Because only #19 means in and does not relate to time .

. : He ran to the place.
{01,10,34}: the place, there, {21,{48,51 legs}}: running
{gd,17(above),53(situation)}: was or were (as a situation of the past)
{gd,17,54}: was or were (as an existence of the past)

{gd,20(future direction)}: A line of writing goes from the left to the right,
so #20 shape looks pointing front or future. When #20 combined with a verb symbol,
it changes the verb into the simple future tense. {20,36}(future) in front of a verb symbol
works for a future tense verb in the similar way to {19,36} for the past tense.

. :
This grass {23,66} will open (44) a white {{23,33}(color),61(front)} flower {66,68}.

(NB)
# This verb symbol is used in the similar way of will in English.
But when the will means will (volition), using the C-c{gd,68(heart)} is more sensible.

# In the case it's clear when it happen in the sentence, you need not to take care of
all verb symbols to make the tense match such as English does.

: Yesterday {36,44,62} I went {21,41} there {01,10,34}.
(Since there is the word yesterday, it's clear when he went.
So putting the past tense in the verb is optional in this occasion.)

{19,36}(the past),{ge,47,53}(the passive situation verb symbol):
{ge,19,47,53}: had been made
(When the C-c is complicate, the tense notation can be separated like this)

{gd,21(heading, to)}: be going to (The tense is just before starting to be in some situation
or starting to do something. #21 represents the direction which the verb is heading on.)

. : I'm going to read it.

{gd,22( origin, from)}: close to have been (doing or some situation),
but this tense does not include present. #22 shows an original direction.
It represents the past situation of the subject until just a moment ago.

. : He was here (10,18,34,} until just a moment ago. (Now he is not.)

{gd,14(through)}: have been or have done (as the experience).
#14 represents the way some thing goes through. Compounded with d-verb, it means
that the subject has at least one experience of the situation or action shown
by the following character or phrase.

. : I have seen him.

{gd, { (created), 60(real)}(tentative)}

When this Compounded-verb-character is used, the predicate means that
if (the following thing) happens, and another sentence or predicate after #gb continues
as the result of the supposing.

: to form the subjunctive mood
. : If he is my brother, I could be happy.
{13,20,67}(brother)　 {gd,58}(can be)　 {44,68}(happy)

When the verb-symbol would be complicated, can be in front of it separately.
. : If he is going to run, I'm going to do so too.
{{4851} legs 21(go)}( running)　 {gd,25}( the subject joins (to do something) too)

{gd,27(plural)}: repeat to do something again or become some situation again.
(#27 usually indicates the other character in a C-c is plural. When it is combined
with a verb symbol, the verb adds the meaning that it's not first time and repeating again.)


That comet{03,13,34,69} will return{22,41} again in ten thousand years {36,48,70}.
Since the preposition {gc,36(time),6i(later)} expresses 'later', it is no necessary
to add the future tense in the verb.

{gd,05(denied)}: don't or don't become. (#05 denies the meaning of the verb.)

{gd,05,54}: am not, are not, is not

. : He is not my chief.

{gd,05,53}: be not ..ing, be not in the following situation

{gd,06(opposite)}: must not, should not. (#06 changes the verb into a prohibited situation.)

. : You must not see it. (Seeing it is prohibited.)

{gd,58(possible)}: can, be able to (#58 makes the meaning of the verb possible.)


She can walk{21,47,61} today{36,44,60}. He could make her walk.

{gd,{47,58}(permission)}: may, or be permitted to be (or do)
(#58(possibility) is #47(accepted); this verb C-c is used for permission of the following character or phrase.)

: You may leave{04,54}.
: You may let him hear{36,39} this.

{gd,68(heart, will)} : In a verb symbol, #68 represents strong will to do the following character or phrase.

: Tomorrow {36,44,61} I'm sure to communicate{45,53} with{gc,25} him.
: He is keeping himself tolerant {07,47,68} with his will.

{gd,60(true, penetrate, accomplish)}: must, have to
#60 adds the mind of 'have to do' to the verb symbol.

: I must communicate with him. (: I have to see him.)
: I have to feed {ge,60}{47,67} the animals {41,67,27}.
(The action of eating {47,67} is belong to the animals, not the subject, so the verb has ge.)

{gd,{55,60}(need)}: need
{55,60} in a verb symbol represents that the situation of the verb is in need.

: I need to communicate with him.

{gd,55(demand, request)}: want to
When #55 in a d-verb symbol, the subject want to (or would like to) become
the situation of (or do something) the following character or phrase.

: He want to become an actor {44,56,65}.
: I want him to perform {44,56} it.

* When #gd and #55 are separated, the subject request something to other person.

: I want this.

{gd,25(joined)}: (the subject) also become (the situation of the following character or phrase) together.
#25 shows the verb is not only about the subject, the subject joins to the situation of others.

: I too join to assist{25,46,63} it.

When suggesting to do something with the other people or parson together,
the idiomatic head with #01 and the verb work together.

: Let's walk {21,47,61} together!

{gd,51(power, forth)}: #51 gives force and presser image for the verb.

: I enforce{ge,51} him to assist {25,46,63} it.

For a strong command, #51 is compounded with the verb symbol and used with
the idiomatic command head phrase. It is not necessary to put the subject of
the sentence, because it's clear with this type of head.

: (This is a command), assist it!

{gd,64(emphasis)}: even do something, #64 makes the verb emphasize surprisingly.

. : I even don't act it.

For an exclamatory sentences, #64 is compounded with the verb symbol
and used with idiomatic exclamatory head phrase.

. ( ):
Hmmm, how pleasant{39,44,68} the wind{42,70} makes (us)! (what a comfortable wind!)

{gd,57(question)}: #57 in a verb symbol shows that the talker (of the sentence)
has a question about the verb part in the sentence.

:
I wonder if this animal{41,67} can live more than{gc,07,13} 30 years{36,48,70}.

( {gd,57,58} works for both 'I wonder' and 'can'.
The question by #57 in the verb symbol is the talker's, not the subject's.
It says 30, so without adding the plural mark, the character can mean years in this case.)

When making a question to others about the verb part or about the whole predicate, #57 is compounded with the verb symbol and used with an interrogative head to inquire.

: Doctor{25,67,65}, Can I walk{{21,47,61}?
: Dad{17,20,67}, did you use this?

{gd,09}, {ge,09} : #09 (intangible matter) changes a verb into a noun, compounding the verb symbol. Most of EL characters works as a noun themselves, but by this way, a verb changes into a noun in the clear situation. It's similar to ( )ing form in English.

: reading{gd,09}{15,34,39}
: studying{gd,09}{34,37,47}
: teaching{ge,09}{34,37,47}( making (somebody) to study )
: having been taught by him in the past